The term COPD refers to which two diseases of the respiratory system?

The term COPD stands for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, which is primarily a term used to describe two key respiratory conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Emphysema is characterized by the destruction of the alveoli (small air sacs in the lungs), leading to decreased surface area for gas exchange, and resulting in shortness of breath and an overall difficulty in breathing. Chronic bronchitis, on the other hand, involves the inflammation of the bronchial tubes, resulting in excessive mucus production, chronic cough, and airway obstruction.

Both of these diseases commonly stem from long-term exposure to irritants, such as cigarette smoke or environmental toxins, and often occur together in individuals with COPD. Understanding this relationship is crucial for recognizing, diagnosing, and managing the condition effectively.

Other options include diseases or conditions that do not fit into the COPD classification, demonstrating a misalignment with the term’s definition as it pertains specifically to chronic respiratory illnesses characterized by airflow limitation.